Shaun goiter autobiography in five short

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    Goiter

  • 1. SMS 2023SMS 2023 Dr. Mohanad R. A lwanDr. Mohanad R. A lwan GoiterGoiter

  • 2. TSH • Produced by Adenohypophysis Thyrotrophs • Upregulated by TRH • Downregulated by T4, T3 • Stimulates several processes • Iodine uptake • Colloid endocytosis • Growth of thyroid gland

  • 3. Thyroid Hormone  Majority of circulating hormone is T4  98.5% T4  1.5% T3  Total Hormone load is influenced by serum binding proteins  Albumin 15%  Thyroid Binding Globulin 70%  Transthyretin 10%  Regulation is based on the free component of thyroid hormone

  • 4. Iodine states Normal ThyroidNormal Thyroid Inactive ThyroidInactive Thyroid Hyperactive ThyroidHyperactive Thyroid

  • 5. Iodine deficiency Iodine deficiency most common cause of goiter & hypothyroidism worldwide Effect of I deficiency aggravated by goitrogens foods, with anti-thyroid properties (Africa, South America)

  • 6. Goitrogens

  • 7. Clinical Expression of Iodine Deficiency • Miscarriages • Stillbirths • Neurological

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    Abstract

    Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common cause of endocrinopathy in the newborn Its incidence lies between 1 in 3,000 and 1 in 2,000, However, congenital goiter is a rare form eller gestalt of presentation. Hypothyroidism secondary to autoimmune etiology is extremely rare, with an incidence of 1:84.700–1:31.000 newborns. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) are able to cross the placenta but rarely induce hypothyroidism in the newborn, much less goiter. A case of congenital goiter in a male newborn secondary to maternal high TPOAb levels is reported. The mother was diagnosed of Hashimoto thyroiditis prior to the pregnancy. At birth, a grade 3 struma was detected in the newborn. Laboratory testings revealed hypothyroidism with free thyroxine of 7.6 pmol/L, thyroid-stimulating hormone of 108 mUI/L and high TPOAb levels. Treatment with Levothyroxine was started the second day of life with progressive thyroid function normalization. Neurological development has been normal un

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    Abstract

    Background

    Nerves and neurotrophic growth factors are emerging promoters of cancer growth. The precursor for Nerve Growth Factor (proNGF) is overexpressed in thyroid cancer, but its potential role as a clinical biomarker has not been reported. Here we have examined the value of proNGF as a serum and biopsy-rinse biomarker for thyroid cancer diagnosis.

    Methods

    Patients presenting for thyroid surgery or biopsy were enrolled in separate cohorts examining serum (n = 204, including 46 cases of thyroid cancer) and biopsy-rinse specimens (n = 188, including 26 cases of thyroid cancer). ProNGF levels in clinical samples were analysed bygd ELISA. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to compare proNGF levels with malignancy status and clinicopathological parameters.

    Results

    ProNGF was not detected in the majority of serum samples (176/204, 86%) and the detection of proNGF was not associated with thyroid cancer diagnosis. In the few cases where proNGF was

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